Inkqubo yokuvelisa iiglavu ze-nitrile ezine-halogen ephantsi iyinkimbinkimbi ngakumbi kuneeglavu ze-nitrile eziqhelekileyo, ezibonakala kakhulu kulawulo lomxholo we-halogen, ukukhethwa kwezinto ezikrwada, kunye nokwenza ngcono inkqubo yokuvelisa. Oku kulandelayo luhlalutyo lobunzima benkqubo, amakhonkco aphambili kunye nemingeni yobugcisa:
I. Ubunzima benkqubo yemveliso
1. Ukukhetha okungqongqo kwezinto ezikrwada
- Ukufunyanwa kwerabha ye-latex ye-nitrile butadiene ene-halogen ephantsi:
I-latex yerabha ye-nitrile butadiene eqhelekileyo ingasebenzisa ii-initiators ezine-halogen, ii-emulsifiers okanye ii-catalysts (ezifana nee-compounds ezine-chlorine) ngexesha le-polymerization, ngelixa inkqubo ye-halogen ephantsi kufuneka isebenzise inkqubo yokuqalisa engena-halogen/i-halogen ephantsi (efana ne-peroxodisulphate endaweni ye-initiator ene-chlorine) okanye ukususa i-halogen eseleyo ngenkqubo yokucoca kamva.
Imida yeearhente ezifanisayo:
Ii-arhente ze-sulfurizing, ii-accelerators, ii-antioxidants kunye nezinye izongezo kufuneka ziphephe izinto eziqulathe i-halogen (ezifana ne-bromine-containing flame retardants, ii-chlorine-containing vulcanization accelerators), kwaye kufuneka zisebenzise izongezo ezinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo (ezifana neenkqubo ze-vulcanization ezingenayo i-halogen, ii-silane coupling agents, njl.njl.), ezibiza kakhulu kwaye kunzima ukuzifanisa nokusebenza kwezongezo. 2.
2. Ulawulo lweHalogen kwinkqubo yemveliso
-Ukulungiswa kwenkqubo yokwenza ipolymerization:
I-NBR polymerization reaction (efana ne-emulsion polymerization) kufuneka ilawule ngokuchanekileyo ubushushu, uxinzelelo kunye nexesha lokuphendula, ukunciphisa ukuveliswa kweemveliso eziphumayo (ezifana ne-halogenated hydrocarbons). Iinkqubo ze-halogen ezisezantsi zinokufuna amaxesha okuphendula ande okanye i-polymerization ehlukanisiweyo, okwandisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nobunzima benkqubo.
Ukucoca kunye nokucoca:
Emva kokwenziwa i-polymerization, i-latex kufuneka ihlanjwe ngamanzi amanqanaba amaninzi, ukwahlukana kwe-centrifugal kunye nezinye iinkqubo zokususa ii-monomers ze-halogenated ezisele kunye nezongezo, iiglavu eziqhelekileyo zinokufuna kuphela amaxesha ama-1-2 ukuze zihlanjwe, ngelixa iiglavu ze-halogen ezisezantsi zifuna amaxesha ama-3-5 nangaphezulu, nto leyo ekhokelela ekusebenzeni okuphantsi kwemveliso kunye nokunyuka kweendleko zonyango lwamanzi amdaka.
Iimpawu ezikhethekileyo zenkqubo yokomisa:
Inkqubo yokomisa kufuneka ithintele ukonakala kwezinto kubushushu obuphezulu ukuze kuveliswe iikhompawundi ze-halogen, kusenokufuneka kusetyenziswe iteknoloji yokomisa ngobushushu obuphantsi okanye yokomisa nge-vacuum ukwandisa umjikelo wemveliso.
3. Umgangatho ophezulu wokuhlolwa komgangatho
- Ukuhlolwa ngokuchanekileyo komxholo we-halogen:
Izixhobo zokuhlola ezichanekileyo kakhulu (umz. i-ion chromatograph, i-X-ray fluorescence spectrometer) ziyafuneka ukuze kuhlalutywe ngokwenani umxholo we-Cl kunye ne-Br kwibhetshi nganye yemveliso (umda wokufumanisa kufuneka ube kwinqanaba le-ppm), ngelixa iiglavu eziqhelekileyo zinokuhlolwa kuphela kwiimpawu zazo zomzimba (umz. amandla okutsalwa kunye nobude xa kukrazuka).
Ibhalansi yokusebenza enemilinganiselo emininzi:
Unyango olune-halogen ephantsi lunokuchaphazela iipropati zoomatshini zeeglavu (umz., ukuthamba, ukumelana nokubhoboza), kwaye kuyimfuneko ukulungisa ifomula (umz., ukongeza iiplastiki ezikhethekileyo, ii-reinforcer agents) ukuze kulinganiswe i-halogen ephantsi, amandla aphezulu, kunye nentuthuzelo, nto leyo ebandakanya inani elikhulu lovavanyo kunye nokwenza ngcono iiparameter.
Amanyathelo enkqubo yemveliso ephambili
Umzekelo, thabatha imveliso eqhelekileyo yeeglavu ze-nitrile butadiene ezine-halogen ephantsi ngendlela yokukhuhla, inkqubo kunye nobunzima zezi zilandelayo:
1. Ukulungiswa kweLatex
-Ukulungiswa kwe-latex engena-halogen iphantsi:
Khetha i-latex yerabha ye-nitrile butadiene ene-halogen ephantsi (i-halogen ≤ 150ppm), yongeza i-agent ye-vulcanizing engeyiyo i-halogenated (umz. i-zinc oxide + inkqubo ye-sulfur yellow), ii-accelerators ezingezizo i-halogenated (umz. i-hyposulfonamides), i-antioxidant (umz. i-phenyl naphthyl amines), xuba kakuhle kwaye uhluze ukuze ususe ukungcola.
-Ubunzima: ukusasazwa okungalinganiyo kwezongezo kunokukhokelela ekubeni i-vulcanization ingaphelelanga okanye ukuguquguquka kokusebenza, kufuneka izixhobo ze-emulsification ezichetywe kakhulu.
2. Unyango lwesikhunta
-Unyango lwangaphambi kokugquma:
Iinkuni kufuneka zifakwe emanzini zize zigqunywe nge-arhente yokukhulula engena-halogenated (umz. isitatshi okanye isisombululo se-cellulose) kuqala ukuze zinganamatheli ngexesha lokukhululwa kweeglavu, iiglavu eziqhelekileyo zingasebenzisa i-arhente yokukhulula ene-halogenated (umz. iparafini ene-chlorine).
3. Ukuntywila iiglavu kunye nokuxuba
-Ukuntywila okuncinci:
Okokuqala, faka i-primer (ukuphucula ukunamathela), uze udibanise i-latex ukuze wenze umzimba weglavu, inxalenye yenkqubo kufuneka iditywe izihlandlo ezininzi ukuze kwandiswe ubukhulu, kwaye yome emva kokuditywa ngakunye (ubushushu obuyi-≤80℃, ukuze kuthintelwe ukusabela kwe-halogenation).
Inkqubo yokuguqula i-Vulcanization:
Ubushushu be-vulcanization yeglavu ze-nitrile zemveli bumalunga ne-120-150℃, ngelixa inkqubo ye-halogen ephantsi inokufuna ubushushu obuphantsi kunye ne-vulcanization yexesha elide (umz. 100℃ × imizuzu engama-60) ukunciphisa ukubola kwezinto ezongeziweyo ukuvelisa iikhompawundi ze-halogen phantsi kobushushu obuphezulu.
4. Ukuhlamba nokomisa
-Ukuhlamba ngezigaba ezininzi:
Emva kokuba iiglavu ezivulcanized kufuneka zihlanjwe ngamanzi acocekileyo amaxesha angaphezu kwama-3 ukususa izincedisi ezisele kunye neekhompawundi ze-halogen ezinyibilikayo, kwaye kufuneka ukucoca ngamanzi nge-centrifugal emva kokuhlamba ngakunye.
Ukomisa:
sebenzisa ukomisa ngokujikeleza komoya oshushu (ubushushu obuyi-≤ 90 ℃) okanye ukomisa nge-vacuum ukuqinisekisa ukuba umxholo womswakama ungaphantsi kwe-1%, ukuze kuthintelwe ukufuduka kwee-ion ze-halogen kwindawo enomswakama.
5. Uvavanyo kunye nokupakishwa
Uvavanyo lweHalogen:
Ukuthatha isampuli engacwangciswanga yebhetshi nganye ukuvavanya umxholo we-Cl-, Br- (ukuba kusetyenziswa i-ion chromatography, imida idla ngokuba yi-Cl ≤ 900 ppm, Br ≤ 900 ppm, kunye nee-halogens zizonke ≤ 1500 ppm).
-Uvavanyo lokusebenza:
Amandla okutsalwa (≥14MPa), ukunwebeka xa kukrazuka (≥600%), ukumelana nokugqobhoza (≥10N) kunye nezinye ii-indexes kufuneka zihambelane ne-ASTM D6319 kunye neminye imigangatho.
III. Imingeni yoBugcisa kunye neMeko yoShishino
1. Ibhalansi phakathi kweendleko kunye nokusebenza kakuhle
Ngenxa yezinto eziluhlaza ezibizayo kunye nenkqubo ende, iindleko zemveliso zenkqubo ye-halogen ephantsi ziphezulu ngama-20%-30% kuneeglavu ze-nitrile eziqhelekileyo, kwaye amandla emveliso ancitshiswa malunga ne-15% (umz. ixesha elide lokuhlamba nokomisa).
2. Umngcipheko wokwehla kokusebenza
Ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-vulcanization kwezinye izongezo ezine-halogen ephantsi kuphantsi kunoko kwezongezo zemveli ezine-halogen, nto leyo enokubangela ukwehla kokumelana nokuguga kweeglavu, kwaye kufuneka kuhlawulwe ngee-nano-fillers (umz., i-silica) okanye itekhnoloji yokudibanisa i-composite.
3. Imigaqo yokusingqongileyo ikhuthaza
Uthintelo lwe-EU lokusetyenziswa kwezinto ezithile eziyingozi kwiMiyalelo yeZixhobo zoMbane neze-Elektroniki (i-RoHS), iKhomishini ye-Electrotechnical yaMazwe ngaMazwe (i-IEC) kunye neminye imigangatho yokusetyenziswa okunyanzelekileyo kwezinto ezine-halogen ephantsi kwicandelo le-elektroniki ukukhuthaza inkqubo yokuphucula.
4. Uxinzelelo oluphezulu kushishino
Okwangoku, iiglavu zehlabathi ezine-halogen ephantsi ze-nitrile ziveliswa ikakhulu yiTop Glove yaseMalaysia, i-Ansell yase-United States kunye nezinye iingxilimbela. Amashishini asekhaya afana neLanshan Medical kunye ne-Ingenics Medical aqhubeka kancinci kancinci edlula kwimiqobo yobugcisa ene-halogen ephantsi.
Ixesha leposi: Meyi-27-2025